Conversion Table

The following table provides details on how Pydantic converts data during validation in both strict and lax modes.

The "Strict" column contains checkmarks for type conversions that are allowed when validating in Strict Mode.

AllJSONJSON - StrictPythonPython - Strict

Field Type	Input	Strict	Input Source	Conditions
`bool`	`bool`	✓	Python & JSON
`bool`	`bytes`		Python	Same allowed values as for `str`. Assumes UTF-8.
`bool`	`float`		Python & JSON	Allowed values: `0.0, 1.0`.
`bool`	`int`		Python & JSON	Allowed values: `0, 1`.
`bool`	`str`		Python & JSON	Case-insensitive. Allowed values: `'0'`, `'off'`, `'f'`, `'false'`, `'n'`, `'no'`, `'1'`, `'on'`, `'t'`, `'true'`, `'y'`, `'yes'`.
`bool`	`Decimal`		Python	Allowed values: `Decimal(0), Decimal(1)`.
`bytes`	`bytearray`		Python
`bytes`	`bytes`	✓	Python
`bytes`	`str`	✓	JSON	Decoded according to the `val_json_bytes` setting (UTF-8 by default).
`bytes`	`str`		Python	Decoded according to the `val_json_bytes` setting (UTF-8 by default).
`callable`	`-`		JSON	Never valid.
`callable`	`Any`	✓	Python	`callable()` check must return `True`.
`complex`	`complex`	✓	Python
`complex`	`float`		Python & JSON
`complex`	`int`		Python & JSON
`complex`	`str`	✓	JSON	Must be a valid complex string, e.g. `1+2j`.
`complex`	`str`		Python	Must be a valid complex string, e.g. `1+2j`.
`complex`	`Decimal`		Python
`date`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, a datetime with a zero time component, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date. See speedate. Assumes UTF-8.
`date`	`date`	✓	Python
`date`	`datetime`		Python	Must be exact date, eg. no `H`, `M`, `S`, `f`.
`date`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`date`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`date`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date.
`date`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, a datetime with a zero time component, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date. See speedate.
`date`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`datetime`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate. Assumes UTF-8.
`datetime`	`date`		Python
`datetime`	`datetime`	✓	Python
`datetime`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`datetime`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`datetime`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate.
`datetime`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate.
`datetime`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`deque`	`deque`	✓	Python
`deque`	`frozenset`		Python
`deque`	`list`		Python
`deque`	`set`		Python
`deque`	`tuple`		Python
`deque`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`deque`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`dict`	`dict`	✓	Python
`dict`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`dict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`float`	`bool`		Python & JSON
`float`	`bytes`		Python	Must be a valid float, e.g. `3.141`, `1e3` or `inf`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed. Assumes UTF-8.
`float`	`float`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`float`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`float`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid float, e.g. `3.141`, `1e3` or `inf`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed.
`float`	`Any`	✓	Python	Must implement `__float__()` or `__index__()`.
`float`	`Decimal`	✓	Python
`float`	`Fraction`	✓	Python
`frozendict`	`dict`		Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozendict`	`frozendict`	✓	Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozendict`	`Mapping`		Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above. The input must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`frozendict`	`Object`	✓	JSON	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozenset`	`deque`		Python
`frozenset`	`dict_keys`		Python
`frozenset`	`dict_values`		Python
`frozenset`	`frozenset`	✓	Python
`frozenset`	`list`		Python
`frozenset`	`set`		Python
`frozenset`	`tuple`		Python
`frozenset`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`frozenset`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`int`	`bool`		Python & JSON
`int`	`bytes`		Python	Must be a valid integer, e.g. `123`. Leading and trailing whitespace, underscores and a zero fractional part (e.g. `1.0`) are allowed. Assumes UTF-8.
`int`	`float`		Python & JSON	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`, raises error for `nan`, `inf`.
`int`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`int`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid integer, e.g. `123`. Leading and trailing whitespace, underscores and a zero fractional part (e.g. `1.0`) are allowed.
`int`	`Decimal`		Python	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`int`	`Enum`		Python	Uses the value of the enum member.
`int`	`Fraction`		Python	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`list`	`deque`		Python
`list`	`dict_keys`		Python
`list`	`dict_values`		Python
`list`	`frozenset`		Python
`list`	`list`	✓	Python
`list`	`set`		Python
`list`	`tuple`		Python
`list`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`list`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`namedtuple`	`dict`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`list`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`namedtuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`namedtuple`	`Iterable`	✓	Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`namedtuple`	`Mapping`	✓	Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`namedtuple`	`NamedTuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`set`	`deque`		Python
`set`	`dict_keys`		Python
`set`	`dict_values`		Python
`set`	`frozenset`		Python
`set`	`list`		Python
`set`	`set`	✓	Python
`set`	`tuple`		Python
`set`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`set`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`str`	`bytearray`		Python	Assumes UTF-8, error on unicode decoding error.
`str`	`bytes`		Python	Assumes UTF-8, error on unicode decoding error.
`str`	`float`		Python & JSON	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`int`		Python & JSON	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`str`	`Decimal`		Python	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`Enum`		Python	Uses the value of the enum member.
`time`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate. Assumes UTF-8.
`time`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399.9*`.
`time`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399`.
`time`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate.
`time`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate.
`time`	`time`	✓	Python
`time`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399.9*`.
`timedelta`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate, (UTF-8).
`timedelta`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds.
`timedelta`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds.
`timedelta`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate.
`timedelta`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate.
`timedelta`	`timedelta`	✓	Python
`timedelta`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds.
`tuple`	`deque`		Python
`tuple`	`dict_keys`		Python
`tuple`	`dict_values`		Python
`tuple`	`frozenset`		Python
`tuple`	`list`		Python
`tuple`	`set`		Python
`tuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`tuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`tuple`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`type`	`-`		JSON	Never valid.
`type`	`type`	✓	Python
`Any`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`float`		Python & JSON	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`ByteSize`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`Decimal`		Python	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`Counter`	`dict`		Python
`Counter`	`Counter`	✓	Python
`Counter`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`Counter`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`float`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`float`		Python & JSON
`Decimal`	`int`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`int`		Python & JSON
`Decimal`	`str`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid decimal, e.g. `3.141` or `1e3`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed.
`Decimal`	`tuple`		Python	Decimal tuple form, e.g. `(0, (1, 4, 1), -2)`.
`Decimal`	`Decimal`	✓	Python
`Enum`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`Enum`	`Any`		Python	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`Enum`	`Enum`	✓	Python
`Fraction`	`float`	✓	JSON
`Fraction`	`float`		Python
`Fraction`	`int`	✓	JSON
`Fraction`	`int`		Python
`Fraction`	`str`	✓	JSON	Must be a valid fraction, e.g. `1/3` or `0.5`.
`Fraction`	`str`		Python	Must be a valid fraction, e.g. `1/3` or `0.5`.
`Fraction`	`Decimal`		Python
`Fraction`	`Fraction`	✓	Python
`Hashable`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	`isinstance()` check against `Hashable` must return `True`.
`IPv4Address`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv4Address`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Address`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv4Address`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv4Address`	`IPv4Address`	✓	Python
`IPv4Address`	`IPv4Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv4Interface`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv4Interface`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Interface`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv4Interface`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv4Interface`	`tuple`		Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Address`		Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Network`		Python
`IPv4Network`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv4Network`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP network, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Network`	`str`	✓	JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`str`		Python & JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`tuple`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Address`		Python
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Interface`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Network`	✓	Python
`IPv6Address`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv6Address`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Address`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv6Address`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv6Address`	`IPv6Address`	✓	Python
`IPv6Address`	`IPv6Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv6Interface`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv6Interface`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Interface`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv6Interface`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv6Interface`	`tuple`		Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Address`		Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Network`		Python
`IPv6Network`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv6Network`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Network`	`str`	✓	JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`str`		Python & JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`tuple`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Address`		Python
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Interface`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Network`	✓	Python
`InstanceOf`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Validated as the wrapped type.
`InstanceOf`	`Any`	✓	Python	`isinstance()` check must return `True`.
`IntEnum`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Input value must be one of the enum values, without type coercion.
`IntEnum`	`Any`		Python	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`IntEnum`	`IntEnum`	✓	Python
`Iterable`	`Any`	✓	Python	Any object for which `iter()` succeeds. Items are validated lazily.
`Iterable`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`Literal`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be equal to one of the literal values.
`NamedTuple`	`dict`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`list`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`namedtuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`NamedTuple`	`Iterable`	✓	Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`NamedTuple`	`Mapping`	✓	Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`NamedTuple`	`NamedTuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`None`	`None`	✓	Python & JSON
`OrderedDict`	`dict`		Python
`OrderedDict`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`OrderedDict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`OrderedDict`	`OrderedDict`	✓	Python
`Path`	`str`	✓	JSON
`Path`	`str`		Python
`Path`	`Path`	✓	Python
`Pattern`	`bytes`	✓	Python	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[str]`.
`Pattern`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[bytes]`.
`Pattern`	`Pattern`	✓	Python	The pattern type (`str` or `bytes`) must match.
`Sequence`	`deque`		Python
`Sequence`	`list`	✓	Python
`Sequence`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`Sequence`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`TypedDict`	`dict`	✓	Python
`TypedDict`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`TypedDict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`UUID`	`bytes`		Python	16 raw bytes, or a UTF-8 encoded UUID string.
`UUID`	`str`	✓	JSON
`UUID`	`str`		Python
`UUID`	`UUID`	✓	Python

Field Type	Input	Strict	Input Source	Conditions
`bool`	`bool`	✓	Python & JSON
`bool`	`float`		Python & JSON	Allowed values: `0.0, 1.0`.
`bool`	`int`		Python & JSON	Allowed values: `0, 1`.
`bool`	`str`		Python & JSON	Case-insensitive. Allowed values: `'0'`, `'off'`, `'f'`, `'false'`, `'n'`, `'no'`, `'1'`, `'on'`, `'t'`, `'true'`, `'y'`, `'yes'`.
`bytes`	`str`	✓	JSON	Decoded according to the `val_json_bytes` setting (UTF-8 by default).
`callable`	`-`		JSON	Never valid.
`complex`	`float`		Python & JSON
`complex`	`int`		Python & JSON
`complex`	`str`	✓	JSON	Must be a valid complex string, e.g. `1+2j`.
`date`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`date`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`date`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date.
`date`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, a datetime with a zero time component, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date. See speedate.
`datetime`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`datetime`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`datetime`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate.
`datetime`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate.
`deque`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`dict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`float`	`bool`		Python & JSON
`float`	`float`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`float`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`float`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid float, e.g. `3.141`, `1e3` or `inf`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed.
`frozendict`	`Object`	✓	JSON	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozenset`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`int`	`bool`		Python & JSON
`int`	`float`		Python & JSON	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`, raises error for `nan`, `inf`.
`int`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`int`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid integer, e.g. `123`. Leading and trailing whitespace, underscores and a zero fractional part (e.g. `1.0`) are allowed.
`list`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`namedtuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`namedtuple`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`set`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`str`	`float`		Python & JSON	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`int`		Python & JSON	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`time`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399.9*`.
`time`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399`.
`time`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate.
`time`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate.
`timedelta`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds.
`timedelta`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds.
`timedelta`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate.
`timedelta`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate.
`tuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`type`	`-`		JSON	Never valid.
`Any`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`float`		Python & JSON	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`ByteSize`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`Counter`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`float`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`float`		Python & JSON
`Decimal`	`int`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`int`		Python & JSON
`Decimal`	`str`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid decimal, e.g. `3.141` or `1e3`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed.
`Enum`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`Fraction`	`float`	✓	JSON
`Fraction`	`int`	✓	JSON
`Fraction`	`str`	✓	JSON	Must be a valid fraction, e.g. `1/3` or `0.5`.
`Hashable`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	`isinstance()` check against `Hashable` must return `True`.
`IPv4Address`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Address`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv4Address`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv4Interface`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Interface`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv4Interface`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv4Network`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP network, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Network`	`str`	✓	JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`str`		Python & JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Address`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Address`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv6Address`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv6Interface`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Interface`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv6Interface`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv6Network`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Network`	`str`	✓	JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`str`		Python & JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`InstanceOf`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Validated as the wrapped type.
`IntEnum`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Input value must be one of the enum values, without type coercion.
`Iterable`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`Literal`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be equal to one of the literal values.
`NamedTuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`NamedTuple`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`None`	`None`	✓	Python & JSON
`OrderedDict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`Path`	`str`	✓	JSON
`Pattern`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[bytes]`.
`Sequence`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`TypedDict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`UUID`	`str`	✓	JSON

Field Type	Input	Strict	Input Source	Conditions
`bool`	`bool`	✓	Python & JSON
`bytes`	`str`	✓	JSON	Decoded according to the `val_json_bytes` setting (UTF-8 by default).
`complex`	`str`	✓	JSON	Must be a valid complex string, e.g. `1+2j`.
`date`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date.
`datetime`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate.
`deque`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`dict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`float`	`float`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`float`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`frozendict`	`Object`	✓	JSON	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozenset`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`int`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`list`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`namedtuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`namedtuple`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`set`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`str`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`time`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate.
`timedelta`	`str`	✓	JSON	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate.
`tuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`Any`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`Counter`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`float`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`int`	✓	JSON
`Decimal`	`str`	✓	JSON
`Enum`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`Fraction`	`float`	✓	JSON
`Fraction`	`int`	✓	JSON
`Fraction`	`str`	✓	JSON	Must be a valid fraction, e.g. `1/3` or `0.5`.
`Hashable`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	`isinstance()` check against `Hashable` must return `True`.
`IPv4Address`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv4Interface`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv4Network`	`str`	✓	JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Address`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv6Interface`	`str`	✓	JSON
`IPv6Network`	`str`	✓	JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`InstanceOf`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Validated as the wrapped type.
`IntEnum`	`Any`	✓	JSON	Input value must be one of the enum values, without type coercion.
`Iterable`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`Literal`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be equal to one of the literal values.
`NamedTuple`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`NamedTuple`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`None`	`None`	✓	Python & JSON
`OrderedDict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`Path`	`str`	✓	JSON
`Pattern`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[bytes]`.
`Sequence`	`Array`	✓	JSON
`TypedDict`	`Object`	✓	JSON
`UUID`	`str`	✓	JSON

Field Type	Input	Strict	Input Source	Conditions
`bool`	`bool`	✓	Python & JSON
`bool`	`bytes`		Python	Same allowed values as for `str`. Assumes UTF-8.
`bool`	`float`		Python & JSON	Allowed values: `0.0, 1.0`.
`bool`	`int`		Python & JSON	Allowed values: `0, 1`.
`bool`	`str`		Python & JSON	Case-insensitive. Allowed values: `'0'`, `'off'`, `'f'`, `'false'`, `'n'`, `'no'`, `'1'`, `'on'`, `'t'`, `'true'`, `'y'`, `'yes'`.
`bool`	`Decimal`		Python	Allowed values: `Decimal(0), Decimal(1)`.
`bytes`	`bytearray`		Python
`bytes`	`bytes`	✓	Python
`bytes`	`str`		Python	Decoded according to the `val_json_bytes` setting (UTF-8 by default).
`callable`	`Any`	✓	Python	`callable()` check must return `True`.
`complex`	`complex`	✓	Python
`complex`	`float`		Python & JSON
`complex`	`int`		Python & JSON
`complex`	`str`		Python	Must be a valid complex string, e.g. `1+2j`.
`complex`	`Decimal`		Python
`date`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, a datetime with a zero time component, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date. See speedate. Assumes UTF-8.
`date`	`date`	✓	Python
`date`	`datetime`		Python	Must be exact date, eg. no `H`, `M`, `S`, `f`.
`date`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`date`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`date`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DD`, a datetime with a zero time component, or a unix timestamp. Must be exact date. See speedate.
`date`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting. Must be exact date.
`datetime`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate. Assumes UTF-8.
`datetime`	`date`		Python
`datetime`	`datetime`	✓	Python
`datetime`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`datetime`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`datetime`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.f`, `YYYY-MM-DD`, or a unix timestamp. See speedate.
`datetime`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds or milliseconds from epoch, depending on the `val_temporal_unit` setting.
`deque`	`deque`	✓	Python
`deque`	`frozenset`		Python
`deque`	`list`		Python
`deque`	`set`		Python
`deque`	`tuple`		Python
`deque`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`dict`	`dict`	✓	Python
`dict`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`float`	`bool`		Python & JSON
`float`	`bytes`		Python	Must be a valid float, e.g. `3.141`, `1e3` or `inf`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed. Assumes UTF-8.
`float`	`float`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`float`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`float`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid float, e.g. `3.141`, `1e3` or `inf`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed.
`float`	`Any`	✓	Python	Must implement `__float__()` or `__index__()`.
`float`	`Decimal`	✓	Python
`float`	`Fraction`	✓	Python
`frozendict`	`dict`		Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozendict`	`frozendict`	✓	Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozendict`	`Mapping`		Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above. The input must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`frozenset`	`deque`		Python
`frozenset`	`dict_keys`		Python
`frozenset`	`dict_values`		Python
`frozenset`	`frozenset`	✓	Python
`frozenset`	`list`		Python
`frozenset`	`set`		Python
`frozenset`	`tuple`		Python
`frozenset`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`int`	`bool`		Python & JSON
`int`	`bytes`		Python	Must be a valid integer, e.g. `123`. Leading and trailing whitespace, underscores and a zero fractional part (e.g. `1.0`) are allowed. Assumes UTF-8.
`int`	`float`		Python & JSON	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`, raises error for `nan`, `inf`.
`int`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`int`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid integer, e.g. `123`. Leading and trailing whitespace, underscores and a zero fractional part (e.g. `1.0`) are allowed.
`int`	`Decimal`		Python	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`int`	`Enum`		Python	Uses the value of the enum member.
`int`	`Fraction`		Python	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`list`	`deque`		Python
`list`	`dict_keys`		Python
`list`	`dict_values`		Python
`list`	`frozenset`		Python
`list`	`list`	✓	Python
`list`	`set`		Python
`list`	`tuple`		Python
`list`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`namedtuple`	`dict`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`list`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`namedtuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`Iterable`	✓	Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`namedtuple`	`Mapping`	✓	Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`namedtuple`	`NamedTuple`	✓	Python
`set`	`deque`		Python
`set`	`dict_keys`		Python
`set`	`dict_values`		Python
`set`	`frozenset`		Python
`set`	`list`		Python
`set`	`set`	✓	Python
`set`	`tuple`		Python
`set`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`str`	`bytearray`		Python	Assumes UTF-8, error on unicode decoding error.
`str`	`bytes`		Python	Assumes UTF-8, error on unicode decoding error.
`str`	`float`		Python & JSON	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`int`		Python & JSON	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`str`	`Decimal`		Python	Only if `coerce_numbers_to_str` is enabled.
`str`	`Enum`		Python	Uses the value of the enum member.
`time`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate. Assumes UTF-8.
`time`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399.9*`.
`time`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399`.
`time`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `HH:MM[:SS[.FFFFFF]]`, with an optional timezone offset. See speedate.
`time`	`time`	✓	Python
`time`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds, range `0 - 86399.9*`.
`timedelta`	`bytes`		Python	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate, (UTF-8).
`timedelta`	`float`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds.
`timedelta`	`int`		Python & JSON	Interpreted as seconds.
`timedelta`	`str`		Python & JSON	Format: `ISO8601`. See speedate.
`timedelta`	`timedelta`	✓	Python
`timedelta`	`Decimal`		Python	Interpreted as seconds.
`tuple`	`deque`		Python
`tuple`	`dict_keys`		Python
`tuple`	`dict_values`		Python
`tuple`	`frozenset`		Python
`tuple`	`list`		Python
`tuple`	`set`		Python
`tuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`tuple`	`Iterable`		Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`type`	`type`	✓	Python
`Any`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`float`		Python & JSON	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`ByteSize`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`Decimal`		Python	Must be exact int, e.g. `val % 1 == 0`.
`Counter`	`dict`		Python
`Counter`	`Counter`	✓	Python
`Counter`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`Decimal`	`float`		Python & JSON
`Decimal`	`int`		Python & JSON
`Decimal`	`str`		Python & JSON	Must be a valid decimal, e.g. `3.141` or `1e3`. Leading and trailing whitespace and underscores are allowed.
`Decimal`	`tuple`		Python	Decimal tuple form, e.g. `(0, (1, 4, 1), -2)`.
`Decimal`	`Decimal`	✓	Python
`Enum`	`Any`		Python	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`Enum`	`Enum`	✓	Python
`Fraction`	`float`		Python
`Fraction`	`int`		Python
`Fraction`	`str`		Python	Must be a valid fraction, e.g. `1/3` or `0.5`.
`Fraction`	`Decimal`		Python
`Fraction`	`Fraction`	✓	Python
`Hashable`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	`isinstance()` check against `Hashable` must return `True`.
`IPv4Address`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv4Address`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Address`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv4Address`	`IPv4Address`	✓	Python
`IPv4Address`	`IPv4Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv4Interface`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv4Interface`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Interface`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv4Interface`	`tuple`		Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Address`		Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Network`		Python
`IPv4Network`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv4Network`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP network, must be less than `2**32`
`IPv4Network`	`str`		Python & JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`tuple`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Address`		Python
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Interface`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Network`	✓	Python
`IPv6Address`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv6Address`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Address`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv6Address`	`IPv6Address`	✓	Python
`IPv6Address`	`IPv6Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv6Interface`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv6Interface`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Interface`	`str`		Python & JSON
`IPv6Interface`	`tuple`		Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Address`		Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Network`		Python
`IPv6Network`	`bytes`		Python
`IPv6Network`	`int`		Python & JSON	integer representing the IP address, must be less than `2**128`
`IPv6Network`	`str`		Python & JSON	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`tuple`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Address`		Python
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Interface`		Python	Host bits must be zero.
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Network`	✓	Python
`InstanceOf`	`Any`	✓	Python	`isinstance()` check must return `True`.
`IntEnum`	`Any`		Python	Input value must be convertible to enum values.
`IntEnum`	`IntEnum`	✓	Python
`Iterable`	`Any`	✓	Python	Any object for which `iter()` succeeds. Items are validated lazily.
`Literal`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be equal to one of the literal values.
`NamedTuple`	`dict`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`list`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`namedtuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`Iterable`	✓	Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`NamedTuple`	`Mapping`	✓	Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`NamedTuple`	`NamedTuple`	✓	Python
`None`	`None`	✓	Python & JSON
`OrderedDict`	`dict`		Python
`OrderedDict`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`OrderedDict`	`OrderedDict`	✓	Python
`Path`	`str`		Python
`Path`	`Path`	✓	Python
`Pattern`	`bytes`	✓	Python	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[str]`.
`Pattern`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[bytes]`.
`Pattern`	`Pattern`	✓	Python	The pattern type (`str` or `bytes`) must match.
`Sequence`	`deque`		Python
`Sequence`	`list`	✓	Python
`Sequence`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`TypedDict`	`dict`	✓	Python
`TypedDict`	`Mapping`		Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`UUID`	`bytes`		Python	16 raw bytes, or a UTF-8 encoded UUID string.
`UUID`	`str`		Python
`UUID`	`UUID`	✓	Python

Field Type	Input	Strict	Input Source	Conditions
`bool`	`bool`	✓	Python & JSON
`bytes`	`bytes`	✓	Python
`callable`	`Any`	✓	Python	`callable()` check must return `True`.
`complex`	`complex`	✓	Python
`date`	`date`	✓	Python
`datetime`	`datetime`	✓	Python
`deque`	`deque`	✓	Python
`dict`	`dict`	✓	Python
`float`	`float`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`float`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`float`	`Any`	✓	Python	Must implement `__float__()` or `__index__()`.
`float`	`Decimal`	✓	Python
`float`	`Fraction`	✓	Python
`frozendict`	`frozendict`	✓	Python	`frozendict` is only available in Python 3.15 and above.
`frozenset`	`frozenset`	✓	Python
`int`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON	`bool` is explicitly forbidden.
`list`	`list`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`dict`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`list`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`namedtuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`namedtuple`	`Iterable`	✓	Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`namedtuple`	`Mapping`	✓	Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`namedtuple`	`NamedTuple`	✓	Python
`set`	`set`	✓	Python
`str`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`time`	`time`	✓	Python
`timedelta`	`timedelta`	✓	Python
`tuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`type`	`type`	✓	Python
`Any`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`int`	✓	Python & JSON
`ByteSize`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON
`Counter`	`Counter`	✓	Python
`Decimal`	`Decimal`	✓	Python
`Enum`	`Enum`	✓	Python
`Fraction`	`Fraction`	✓	Python
`Hashable`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	`isinstance()` check against `Hashable` must return `True`.
`IPv4Address`	`IPv4Address`	✓	Python
`IPv4Address`	`IPv4Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv4Interface`	`IPv4Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv4Network`	`IPv4Network`	✓	Python
`IPv6Address`	`IPv6Address`	✓	Python
`IPv6Address`	`IPv6Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv6Interface`	`IPv6Interface`	✓	Python
`IPv6Network`	`IPv6Network`	✓	Python
`InstanceOf`	`Any`	✓	Python	`isinstance()` check must return `True`.
`IntEnum`	`IntEnum`	✓	Python
`Iterable`	`Any`	✓	Python	Any object for which `iter()` succeeds. Items are validated lazily.
`Literal`	`Any`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be equal to one of the literal values.
`NamedTuple`	`dict`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`list`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`namedtuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`NamedTuple`	`Iterable`	✓	Python	Any iterable except `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray`, `dict` and mappings, e.g. generators.
`NamedTuple`	`Mapping`	✓	Python	Must implement the mapping interface and have an `items()` method.
`NamedTuple`	`NamedTuple`	✓	Python
`None`	`None`	✓	Python & JSON
`OrderedDict`	`OrderedDict`	✓	Python
`Path`	`Path`	✓	Python
`Pattern`	`bytes`	✓	Python	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[str]`.
`Pattern`	`str`	✓	Python & JSON	Input must be a valid pattern. Not valid for `Pattern[bytes]`.
`Pattern`	`Pattern`	✓	Python	The pattern type (`str` or `bytes`) must match.
`Sequence`	`list`	✓	Python
`Sequence`	`tuple`	✓	Python
`TypedDict`	`dict`	✓	Python
`UUID`	`UUID`	✓	Python